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51.
González-Marín Rosa María Moreno-Casasola Patricia Castro-Luna Alejandro Antonio Castillo Alicia 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1343-1354
Regional Environmental Change - Wetlands play important roles that benefit social-ecological systems. They are threatened by climate change and human activities, i.e., raising livestock and... 相似文献
52.
Isabel Israde-Alcantara Otoniel Buenrostro Delgado Alejandro Carrillo Chavez 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):755-764
Abstract The landfill of Morelia, the capital city of the state of Michoacán in central-western Mexico, is located 12 km west of the city and has operated since 1997 without a structure engineered and designed to control the generation in situ of biogas and leachates. A geological evaluation of the landfill site is presented in this paper. The results indicate that the site lacks ideal impermeable sub-surface strata. The subsurface strata consist of highly fractured basaltic lava flows (east-west fault and fracture system trend) and sand-size cineritic material with high permeability and porosity. Geochemical analysis of groundwater from Morelia’s municipal aquifer shows a high concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) exceeding the Mexican environmental regulations, along with the presence of some organic pollutants (phenols). Analyses of samples of the landfill’s permanent leachate ponds show very high concentrations of the same contaminants. Samples were taken from the leachate pond and from nearby water-wells during the rainy season (summer 1997) and the dry season (spring 1997, 1998, and 1999). In all cases, the concentration of contaminants registered exceeded the standards for drinking water of the World Health Organization (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, 2000). Some metal contaminants could be leaching directly from the landfill. 相似文献
53.
Many ecotoxicological studies have addressed the effects of contaminant exposure at various levels of biological organization. However, little information exists on the effects of toxicants on wildlife populations. Here we examined exposure of populations of the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula (Soricomorpha, Soricidae) occupying two protected Mediterranean sites (a polluted area, the Ebro Delta, and a control site, Garraf Massif). Bioaccumulation of selected elements (Pb, Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Sr, Ba, and B), a body condition index (BCI) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) were used to assess the chronic exposure to environmental pollution. BCI was correlated neither to metal concentrations nor to FA, suggesting that this fitness measure only reflects environmental disturbances at a local level. However, shrews from the polluted area showed higher concentrations of metals and metalloids (Pb, Hg, B, and Sr) and greater shape FA than specimens from the reference area. A correlation between FA was found for both first and second principal component vectors suggesting that developmental instability increases as a result of exposure to multiple pollutants. Our results corroborate the suitability of C. russula as a bioindicator of environmental quality and show that FA is an appropriate index to examine impact of developmental stressors in populations inhabiting disturbed areas. 相似文献
54.
55.
Rodríguez-Aguilar Maribel Díaz de León-Martínez Lorena García-Luna Sofía Gómez-Gómez Alejandro González-Palomo Ana Karen Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier Díaz-Barriga Fernando Trujillo Joyce Flores-Ramírez Rogelio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25825-25833
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor for the generation of lung diseases in developing countries. The indigenous population is... 相似文献
56.
Fernando Antonio Rosete Vergés Alejandro Velázquez Gerardo Bocco Ileana Espejel 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(4):1315-1328
Land use and cover changes trigger multi-factorial responses with tangible and intangible effects. Driving forces governing changes are scale-, place- and time-dependent; because of their complexity, a multi-scalar analysis is required to determine conjoint causation. Studies using multi-scalar approach in semiarid scrubland ecosystems are scanty. This paper investigates land use changes on the largest semiarid scrubland ecosystem of Mexico, the Baja California Peninsula, using a multi-scalar analysis approach. It further provides insight into the likely underlying causes for land use trends. Multi-temporal databases were compiled for 1978, 1990, 2000 and 2003 from various sources; population was projected for the same years. Land cover processes were validated through intensive fieldwork. Map overlapping with the aid of geographic information systems allowed computation of land cover transformation rates. New algorithms were developed to better understand land cover trends. Multi-variate analysis was also performed to provide a synthetic statistical overview. Results showed that land cover change occurred at different times, at variable scales, due to distinct drivers. As a consequence, the current regional scenario has been shaped by distinguishable socio-economic changes. The semiarid scrubland ecosystems in the Baja California Peninsula experienced contrasting trends detectable only at site and local scales. Regionally, the replacement of original vegetation (scrubland) for other land cover category is following trends similar to those in the rest of Mexico and most semiarid ecosystems worldwide. These findings support the hypothesis that land use and cover changes must be analyzed at different times and scales to deeply understand underlying forces. 相似文献
57.
Yasmany Mancilla Alejandro E. Araizaga 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1431-1442
A six-day tunnel field study was conducted in the city of Monterrey, Mexico, during June 2009 to derive on-road emission factors (EFs) for trace gases and fine particulate matter from the local vehicle fleet. The Loma Larga Tunnel (LLT) is a 532-m-long structure that is mainly used by light-duty gasoline-powered vehicles. It is composed of two independent bores that have a semicircular cross section, 17 m in diameter with a 3.5% slope. During the study, a fleet of 108,569 vehicles with average speeds that ranged from 43 to 76 km/hr was sampled. Ambient air samples were taken inside each bore using 6-L SUMMA-polished canisters and low-volume samplers for the quantification of total nonmethane hydrocarbons (TNMHC) and PM2.5, respectively. The effect of road dust resuspension was considered in the computation of PM2.5 EFs. Additional equipment was used to measure real-time levels of CO2 and NOx; CO EFs were estimated using NOx as a surrogate. TNMHC samples and NOx levels were obtained for 2-hr time periods, while PM2.5 samples and CO2 levels were obtained using 2.5-hr time periods, which included the time periods of the TNMHC and NOx measurements. Estimated EFs for TNMHC, CO, NOx, and PM2.5 were 1.16 ± 0.05, 4.83 ± 2.9, and 0.11 ± 0.07 g/km-veh (2-hr average) and 17.5 ± 5.7 mg/veh-km (2.5-hr average), respectively, while CO2 EFs were 182.7 ± 44 g/km-veh for the 2-hr time periods and 170 ± 22 g/veh-km for the 2.5-hr time periods. The average fuel economy estimated from the field data was 12.3 ± 2.3 km/L. The CO2 and TNMHC EFs (on a mass per distance basis) tended to be higher for traffic moving upslope, while the inverse occurred for the PM2.5 EFs. In comparison to other tunnel studies, the CO2 EFs obtained were similar, the NOx and PM2.5 EFs were lower, and the CO and TNMHC EFs were higher.
Implications Mobile source emission factors (EFs) for Mexican cities other than Mexico City are scarce. In Monterrey, Mexico, one of the three major cities in the country, emissions inventories are constructed based on EFs from other locations. However, it is quite relevant to obtain local information to construct reliable inventories. We present what is, to our knowledge, the first tunnel study conducted in a Mexican city other than Mexico City to estimate fleet-average mobile source EFs. This is also the first study that reports PM2.5 EFs derived from a tunnel study in the country. 相似文献
58.
Long-term effects of lead poisoning on bone mineralization in vultures exposed to ammunition sources
Gangoso L Alvarez-Lloret P Rodríguez-Navarro AA Mateo R Hiraldo F Donázar JA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):569-574
Long-lived species are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation of lead in bone tissues. In this paper we gain insights into the sublethal effects of lead contamination on Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus). Our approach was done on the comparison of two populations (Canary Islands and Iberian Peninsula) differing in exposures to the ingestion of lead ammunition. Blood lead levels were higher in the island population (Canary Islands range: 5.10-1780 μg L−1n = 137; Iberian Peninsula range: 5.60-217.30 μg L−1n = 32) showing clear seasonal trends, peaking during the hunting season. Moreover, males were more susceptible to lead accumulation than females. Bone lead concentration increased with age, reflecting a bioaccumulation effect. The bone composition was significatively altered by this contaminant: the mineralization degree decreased as lead concentration levels increased. These results demonstrate the existence of long-term effects of lead poisoning, which may be of importance in the declines of threatened populations of long-lived species exposed to this contaminant. 相似文献
59.
Alejandro Espinoza-Tenorio Gabriela Montaño-Moctezuma Ileana Espejel 《Environmental management》2010,45(4):739-750
The Gulf of California Biosphere Reserve (UGC&CRDBR) is a Marine Protected Area that was established in 1993 with the aim
of preserving biodiversity and remediating environmental impacts. Because remaining vigilant is hard and because regulatory
measures are difficult to enforce, harvesting has been allowed to diminish poaching. Useful management strategies have not
been implemented, however, and conflicts remain between conservation legislation and the fisheries. We developed a transdisciplinary
methodological scheme (pressure-state-response, loop analysis, and Geographic Information System) that includes both protected
species and fisheries modeled together in a spatially represented marine ecosystem. We analyzed the response of this marine
ecosystem supposing that conservation strategies were successful and that the abundance of protected species had increased.
The final aim of this study was to identify ecosystem-level management alternatives capable of diminishing the conflict between
conservation measures and fisheries. This methodological integration aimed to understand the functioning of the UGC&CRDBR
community as well as to identify implications of conservation strategies such as the recovery of protected species. Our results
suggest research hypotheses related to key species that should be protected within the ecosystem, and they point out the importance
of considering spatial management strategies. Counterintuitive findings underline the importance of understanding how the
community responds to disturbances and the effect of indirect pathways on the abundance of ecosystem constituents. Insights
from this research are valuable in defining policies in marine reserves where fisheries and protected species coexist. 相似文献
60.
Marta Gangolells Author Vitae Miquel Casals Author VitaeAuthor Vitae Xavier Roca Author VitaeAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(2):107-122